Primary English

Poems

Rhyme teaches a child to hear the inside of a word. That is why poems come before paragraphs.

Why rhyme matters before reading

A child who can hear that cat and hat end the same way has noticed that a word is made of parts. That noticing is what makes sounding out possible.

This is why rhymes are taught to very young children everywhere, in every language. It is not decoration. It is the groundwork.

Out of copyright

A traditional rhyme

Rain, rain, go away, / Come again another day.

Traditional

What to do with that one

  • Say it together four or five times until the child joins in without being asked.
  • Find the rhyme: away and day. Ask for two more words that end the same way - play, say, stay, today.
  • Change a word: Snow, snow, go away. Children find this very funny, and changing a word is the first step towards writing one.
  • Say it in different voices: loud, whispered, slow, fast. Repetition stops feeling like repetition.
Free to copy for teaching, with acknowledgement

Written for RCF English

The bus is late, the bus is slow, / The bus is full, but in we go. / I hold the rail, I count to ten, / And here is school. We're late again.

Written for RCF English

What to do with that one

  • Find the rhymes: slow and go, ten and again. Ask which pair rhymes better, and why. There is no wrong answer, and the question makes the child listen.
  • Count the beats by clapping. Most lines have eight. A child who feels the beat will read poetry aloud properly for the rest of their life.
  • Ask what happens: who is speaking? Where are they going? How do they feel about it? Four lines are enough to have a real conversation about.
  • Write the next two lines together, keeping the rhyme.
For the youngest children

Written for RCF English

One crow on the wire, / Two crows on the gate, / Three crows in the mango tree, / Four crows on my plate! / Five crows and my lunch is gone - / Next time I won't be late.

Written for RCF English

What to do with that one

  • Count on fingers as you say it. Number words and rhyme together are easier than either alone.
  • Act it out. One child is the crow, one guards the plate.
  • Draw it, one picture for each line. Then put the pictures in order without the words.
Four short sessions, not one long one

Learning a poem by heart

Learning a few lines by heart gives a child a store of English they own outright. Spread it over four days.

  1. Day one: hear it

    You say the whole poem three or four times. The child only listens. No pressure to join in.

  2. Day two: join in

    Say it together. Stop before the last word of each line and let the child supply it. The rhyme will help them.

  3. Day three: take turns

    You say one line, the child says the next. Then swap, so they get the lines they did not have yesterday.

  4. Day four: say it alone

    The child says the whole poem. Prompt with the first word of a line if they stop; do not say the line for them.

Talking about a poem

Three questions work with almost any poem, at any age: What is happening? Which words do you like? How does it make you feel?

There is no wrong answer to any of them, which is why children will answer. The habit of having an opinion about a text, and giving a reason for it, is exactly what Literature will ask for later.

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